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Port Sudan, which is about 169 nautical miles from Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), is an important travel point for thousands of Muslims from west and other parts of Africa who are embarking on the Hajj to Mecca through Jeddah Islamic Port.

Instability could interfere with trade flows through the Suez Canal, restraining these countries’ ability to trade with the rest of the world.

First, the conflict could destabilise the region and negatively affect the efforts of these countries to expand their export trade. Sudan is not a major export market for these countries but they should care about the instability in Khartoum for at least two reasons. The current conflict could derail this trade and create economic problems for Sudan and its trading partners. Sudan’s main imports are raw sugar, refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medicines and cars, mainly from China, UAE, Saudi Arabia, India and Egypt. The harvest of this product has been disrupted by the conflict. Sudan is also the world’s top exporter of gum arabic, a key ingredient for many food industries. Sudan (and South Sudan) exported about 132,000 barrels per day of crude oil in 2021 with the UAE accounting for 45% of these exports. Sudan’s top exports are gold, which earned a total of US$2.85 billion in 2021, groundnuts (US$488 million), crude oil (US$385 million), and sheep and goats (US$239 million), all of which are sold primarily to the UAE, China, Saudi Arabia, India and Italy. Finally, the conflict could interfere with trade between Sudan and the Gulf states – the UAE and Saudi Arabia. It could also delay the ratification, by the yet-to-be-formed legislative assembly, of the agreement for Russia to build a naval base at Port Sudan. It could destabilise the Sahel region and the Horn of Africa and jeopardise US interests in these regions. The conflict might also affect countries further afield, including the US, Russia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia, which have close economic ties with Sudan. This means that Sudan’s current conflict will have economic, social and political ripple effects across a number of countries, including the Central African Republic, Egypt, Libya, Chad, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Sudan, Africa’s third largest country by land mass, shares borders with seven countries in an unstable region.

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